International Churches of Christ (Boston Movement)- The International Churches of Christ (ICOC), also known as the Boston Movement, emerged in the 1970s as a conservative Christian organization aiming to restore what it perceived as the original practices of the early Christian church. Led by Kip McKean, the ICOC rapidly expanded worldwide, attracting followers with its emphasis on intense evangelism, small-group accountability, and strict adherence to biblical teachings. However, the group has been widely criticized for its cult-like characteristics. The ICOC’s hierarchical structure, centralized control, and authoritarian leadership fostered an environment of unquestioning obedience among members. Reports of psychological manipulation, coerced confessions, and enforced shunning of dissenters have raised concerns about the group’s impact on the well-being of its adherents. Additionally, the ICOC’s aggressive recruitment tactics and insistence on absolute loyalty to its leadership have led to accusations of cultism. These factors, combined with testimonies from former members detailing their experiences of exploitation and abuse within the organization, have contributed to the widespread characterization of the International Churches of Christ as a cult.